Charting a path towards ecology in mining

Author: Inspector: José López, July 19, 2023.

Introduction

In the mining sector, the use of phrases and terms such as ” ecology in mining “, “green”, “sustainable” has recently become popular. However, the question arises as to whether green mining is a mere utopia or if it is really possible to achieve it.

The definition of sustainable mining refers to the exploitation of a country’s mineral and energy resources in a way that maximizes economic and social benefits while minimizing environmental impacts. In this way, one of the main objectives of this type of mining is to minimize the negative impact on the environment, seeking to avoid significant consequences in nature.

Mining plays an important role in humanity, since approximately 90% of daily activities depend on chemical elements and minerals extracted from the interior of the earth, the option of completely stopping this activity is not viable. Instead, green mining focuses on transforming and improving the way it is carried out, so that its environmental impact is minimized.

In this article, we will examine the strategies and practices that could be adopted to achieve ecology in mining , seeking a balance between the development of the mining industry and the preservation of natural resources for future generations.

Technologies and approaches that can contribute to achieving ecology in mining

Mining is an industrial activity that has a significant impact on the environment due to the extraction of natural resources and associated processes. However, there are various technologies and approaches that can contribute to greener and more sustainable mining. Here are some of these technologies:

1. Underground mining: Compared to open pit mining, underground mining can be less invasive to the environment, since it reduces the area of ​​land affected and reduces problems of erosion and habitat loss. The use of drilling systems and specialized machinery allows access to mineral deposits below the earth’s surface, which minimizes the disturbance of vegetation and fauna compared to open pit mining.
2. Precision mining: Using advanced sensors, global positioning systems (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS), mining can be planned and executed with greater precision. This helps to reduce the amount of sterile material removed and minimize ground disturbance.. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology is a laser mapping system that allows you to create 3D digital models of terrain and geological formations. This helps plan mining more precisely, avoiding sensitive areas and reducing material waste ¹ .
3. Efficient Crushing and Grinding Technologies: Technologies that improve efficiency in crushing and grinding ore reduce energy and water consumption, thereby lowering the environmental footprint of mining. Particle classification using high frequency screening technology can improve the efficiency of crushers and mills by separating material into proper sizes prior to grinding.
4. Recycling and reuse: The implementation of processes for recycling and reusing materials in the mining industry can reduce the need to extract new resources and decrease the generation of waste. Using conveyors instead of trucks to transport material within the mine allows for more efficient recycling of kinetic energy, reducing overall energy consumption and therefore emissions.
5. Renewable Energy: Adopting renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind or hydroelectric power, to power mining operations can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lessen reliance on fossil fuels. Some mines are adopting solar photovoltaic installations and wind turbines at their operations to harness clean energy and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
6. Emission reduction technologies: The use of advanced exhaust gas filtration and cleaning systems, as well as the use of electric vehicles instead of internal combustion vehicles, can significantly reduce polluting emissions in mines. The implementation of advanced catalysts and filters in the exhaust systems of mining vehicles can significantly reduce the emissions of polluting particles and gases.
7. Water management: Implementing technologies, such as recirculation and wastewater treatment, can reduce freshwater consumption and minimize contamination of nearby bodies of water. Desalination and water purification systems allow mines to use saline or polluted water in their operations, avoiding the depletion of fresh water sources and reducing pollution.
8. Bio-mining: Involves the use of microorganisms to extract valuable minerals from low-grade ores, which reduces the need for intensive chemical processes and the associated environmental damage. These specific microorganisms in the leaching process can help dissolve low-grade minerals, allowing for more efficient and sustainable extraction.
9. Environmental monitoring and control: The use of sensors and environmental monitoring systems allows mining companies to more accurately track environmental impacts and take corrective measures in a timely manner. Remote sensors, drones and telemetry systems allow monitoring environmental changes in real time and taking corrective measures to reduce negative impacts.

Importantly, while these technologies can help drive a greener approach to mining, the key lies in the integration of multiple approaches and collaboration between industry, governments and local communities to achieve truly sustainable mining.

Key steps to achieve the path towards ecology in mining

The path to ecology in mining involves a series of steps and strategies to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability in this industry. Here are some key steps to reach this goal:

1. Environmental Research and Planning : Carry out exhaustive environmental impact studies before starting any mining operation. This helps to identify potential risks and effects on the ecosystem and local communities, allowing the design of appropriate mitigation measures.
2. Clean and efficient technologies : Adopt advanced technologies that reduce energy consumption, polluting emissions and waste generation. Investment in more efficient machinery and water and air treatment systems can have a significant impact on the sustainability of the operation.
3. Restoration of the mining landscape : Develop plans for the restoration and rehabilitation of mining areas once the exploitation has finished. This implies the revegetation, reforestation and recovery of the soil to return the area to its original state or to one that benefits the local ecosystem.
4. Responsible Water Management : Implement practices that reduce water use and minimize pollution. The reuse and recirculation of water in mining processes, as well as the proper treatment of wastewater, are essential to preserve water resources.
5. Community Participation and Transparency : Involve local communities in the decision-making process and provide transparent information about mining activities and their environmental impacts. Collaboration with stakeholders makes it possible to better address the concerns and needs of affected communities.
6. Environmental Certifications and Standards : Seek certifications and adhere to internationally recognized environmental standards, such as ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001, to ensure that the mining operation meets rigorous environmental criteria and promotes sustainable practices.

These six key measures can help the mining industry move towards greener and more sustainable mining, protecting the environment and contributing to the responsible development of natural resources.

Conclusion

These technologies, along with other innovative approaches, can make all the difference on the path to greener and more sustainable mining. It is important to remember that the effective implementation of these technologies must be accompanied by environmental awareness and a genuine commitment from the mining industry to protect and preserve local and global ecosystems.

Bibliographic references

1. ZAMORA-MARTÍNEZ, Marisela Cristina. LiDAR technology, a useful tool for the study of biodiversity. Mexican journal of forestry sciences , 2017, vol. 8, no 39, p. 4-6.