Introduction
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an important evaluation method in engineering and manufacturing, providing techniques and procedures to evaluate the properties of a material, component, or system while maintaining the structure of the material. As industries evolve, driven by technological advances and increasing demands for safety and quality, the role of NDT becomes more significant.
This article delves into the latest innovations in NDT techniques, explores the future direction of the field, and highlights the role of the ASNT (American Society for Nondestructive Testing) as an advocate in shaping industry standards and practices.
Current Innovations in Nondestructive Testing
The following are some technological innovations in the field of nondestructive testing publicized and promoted by ASNT:
Advanced ultrasonic techniques
Recent developments in ultrasonic testing (UT) techniques have significantly improved their range of application and accuracy. Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT), for example, uses multiple ultrasonic elements and electronic time delays to create beams that can be electronically steered, swept and focused.
Although this technique has been on the market for more than two decades, it has evolved into promising new techniques such as the Total Focusing Method/Full Capture Matrix (TFM/FMC). This technique provides closer and more representative images of internal discontinuities in the specimen.
Recently, the TFM technique has generated more advanced techniques such as Planar Wave Imaging (PWI), which greatly improves the performance of TFM/FMC techniques, and Phase Coherence Imaging (PCI). By using these techniques, images with a maximized resolution of the interior of the component with accurate dimensioning are obtained, improving historically complex problems, such as the evaluation of Hydrogen Attack at High Temperatures (HTHA). The promotion and dissemination of these advanced technologies is a significant role of ASNT in the development of these advanced technologies.
Electromagnetic testing and the introduction of Array Technologies
Over time, different testing techniques have evolved considerably, especially with the introduction of probe array technologies, such as Eddy Current Array (ECA) and Pulsed Eddy Current Array (PECA), which have marked a before and after in materials inspection.
ECA, for example, uses multiple coil elements in a single device which are activated through multiplexing. Multiplexing involves activating and deactivating coils in specific sequences to take advantage of the probe width1, which allows covering wider areas in less time and with greater detail. This technology improves the detection of surface and subsurface defects. It also allows 3D mapping of defects, providing a clearer visualization of their severity and exact location. The following video presents information on this new technology from Eddyfi technologies.
ECA Technology — DefHi Tubing Probe
On the other hand, PECA, an ECA variant, uses current pulses to penetrate deeper into materials. This makes it particularly useful in the inspection of thick or coated structures, such as pipes and aerospace components, covered with insulating materials. An example of the PECA2 equipment and accessories is shown in figure 1.
Digital radiography
Digital Radiography (DR) has replaced traditional radiography with digital detectors that produce higher-quality images in real time. This technique reduces radiation exposure, and also improves the ability to detect and analyze faults due to its superior image quality and the application of advanced software analytics.
Thermographic inspections
Infrared thermography has advanced with the integration of advanced sensors and high-resolution thermal cameras. This technology maps the thermal signatures of a component under test and can identify subsurface defects by detecting variations in heat flow. Enhanced by machine learning algorithms, thermographic inspections are now more accurate and reliable, finding applications in electrical inspections, composite materials testing, and building diagnostics.
Emerging trends and future directions
Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI/ML)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its sub-discipline of machine learning (ML) is set to transform NDT by automating data analysis, reducing human error, and increasing inspection reliability. AI/AA can aid in pattern recognition and predictive maintenance by analyzing historical data, thus anticipating equipment failures before they occur.
Currently, inspectors have to examine large volumes of parts, most of which have no defects. This creates greater potential for inspector fatigue and opportunities for error. With tools such as AI/ML, a large amount of data can be sorted, so inspectors could evaluate parts with potential defects more efficiently3.
Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are potential tools for NDT training and simulation. They provide learning environments and simulation models that allow technicians to gain experience and practice skills without the risk of damaging real components.
Robotics in NDT
The use of robotics in NDT is growing, especially in environments that are hazardous or inaccessible to humans. Automated robots equipped with NDT sensors are able to perform repetitive and dangerous tasks accurately and without fatigue. This improves safety, and the quality and consistency of the data collected.
The Role of the ASNT (American Society for Non-destructive Testing)
Standardization and certification
ASNT has been at the forefront in the development of NDT standards and certification programs that ensure the competence of technicians and the reliability of test procedures. ASNT certifications are recognized worldwide and are often a requirement for practitioners in various industries, underscoring the organization’s influence in establishing global NDT standards.
Research and development
ASNT actively supports research and development in NDT technologies by facilitating collaborations between industry experts, researchers, and academic institutions. This synergy aids in the advancement of NDT technology and methodologies, ensuring that the field adapts to changing industrial landscapes.
Education and resources
Through its extensive library, publications, and training seminars, ASNT provides invaluable resources for the continuing education of NDT professionals. These educational tools are instrumental in keeping practitioners up-to-date with the latest NDT methods and technologies.
Conclusions
The field of nondestructive testing is undergoing a rapid transformation, influenced by technological advances and the increasing demands of modern industries. Innovations such as digital radiography, advanced ultrasonics, and AI integration are setting new standards, performing inspections and analysis. Looking ahead, the integration of AR/VR, robotics, and continued advances in AI will further redefine NDT capabilities and applications.
As we navigate these developments, ASNT’s role as a standard bearer and educator becomes increasingly significant. By driving the adoption of innovative techniques and ensuring high standards of practice, ASNT not only supports the growth of the NDT field, but also ensures its relevance and effectiveness well into the future.
The evolution of NDT technologies, supported by the efforts of organizations such as ASNT, ensures improved safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness in industrial operations, contributing profoundly to the ability of industries to meet the challenges of tomorrow.
References
- EDDYFI. Eddy Current Array (ECA); accessed on May 13, 2024. https://www.eddyfi.com/en/technology/eddy-current-array-eca#:~:text=An%20eddy%20current%20array%2C%20in,why%20ECA%20probes%20use%20multiplexing.
- EDDYFI. Pulsed Eddy Current Array (PECA) High-Resolution Probe; accessed on May 13, 2024. https://www.eddyfi.com/en/product/pulsed-eddy-current-array-peca-highresolution-probe?utm_term=&utm_campaign=PMAX+-+EM+-+World&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=2302193656&hsa_cam=21089999947&hsa_grp=&hsa_ad=&hsa_src=x&hsa_tgt=&hsa_kw=&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMI3eWA2LCShgMVcJ9aBR3bQgdJEAAYASAAEgI7-PD_BwE
- HALEY COWANS. Explore the Future of AI/ML in NDT in Latest Episode of Chat NDT with ASNT; accessed on May 14, 2024. https://blog.asnt.org/explore-the-future-of-ai-ml-in-ndt-in-latest-episode-of-chat-ndt-with-asnt/
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