A team of researchers from Kyoto University and Toyota Motor Corporation has made a significant breakthrough in the development of solid-state batteries using fluoride ions . This technology will enable three times the volumetric capacity compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries, potentially transforming the electric vehicle sector. This innovation is expected to be commercially viable by 2035.
A shift in energy storage
Conventional batteries work by moving ions between positive and negative electrodes. However, current lithium-ion batteries can only extract one electron per atom, limiting their capacity.
The research led by Kyoto University proposes using copper nitride as the positive electrode material, allowing fluoride ions to react with nitrogen and extract up to three electrons per atom. This results in a threefold increase in capacity per volume and a doubled gravimetric capacity compared to current batteries.
Benefits of new technology for solid-state batteries
Researchers highlight several advantages of this solid-state battery technology:
- Higher energy density : Up to three times the volumetric capacity of a lithium-ion battery, allowing more energy to be stored in less space.
- Increased safety : By eliminating liquid electrolytes, these batteries reduce the risk of leaks and fires .
- Greater durability : They withstand dozens of charge and discharge cycles without significant degradation.
- Reduced environmental impact : They use less toxic and more abundant materials than lithium and cobalt.
Applications in electric vehicles
One of the most promising applications of this technology is its use in electric vehicles. Thanks to the increased energy storage capacity, the range of EVs could increase from 600 km to 1,200 km on a single charge . This could eliminate range anxiety and accelerate the mass adoption of electric cars.
Despite the excitement surrounding this breakthrough, researchers still need to solve several challenges before it can be applied commercially:
- Develop a cathode and solid electrolyte compatible with the new positive electrode.
- Optimize long-term stability to ensure consistent performance.
- Improve manufacturing processes to reduce costs and increase scalability.
The research team will continue to work on these improvements with a view to commercializing the technology by 2035. If consolidated, this breakthrough could transform the market for electric mobility and renewable energy storage.
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Source and photo: Nikkei
