The new multiannual energy program (PPE3) marks a change in the French energy model, with a commitment to decarbonized electricity. decarbonized electricity and reinforcing the country’s energy self-sufficiency.
With the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, France is committed to generating between 650 and 693 TWh of decarbonized electricity in 2035, compared to 458 TWh in 2023. In parallel, fossil fuel consumption will have to fall to around 330 TWh, a drastic decrease from the 900 TWh recorded in 2023.
Nuclear energy as a central pillar
The strategy foresees significant investment in the nuclear sector: construction of six new EPR2 reactors scheduled to enter service in 2038, plus an option for an additional eight. The 57 existing reactors will also be consolidated. The goal is to reach 380 TWh of annual nuclear production by 2030.
As for renewables, the government sets revised targets based on the evolution of consumption and industrial capacities. The solar photovoltaic energy should reach between 55 and 80 GW by 2035, while onshore wind will reach 40 GW. Offshore, a more contained development is envisaged, with a ceiling of 15 GW for offshore wind.
Electrification and low carbon sources
EPP3 is not limited to power generation. It projects a massive electrification of uses, with demand reaching 618 TWh in 2035. The national plan also envisages the growth of biomethane, hydrogen and biofuels as solutions for sectors where electricity is not viable.
The government estimates that the implementation of the EPP3 will generate more than 120,000 additional jobs by 2030, especially in key sectors such as nuclear, photovoltaic and offshore wind energy. In addition, it is expected to reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports, which currently exceed €60 billion per year.
Monitoring and review of the plan
One of the novelties of the EPP3 is the inclusion of a review clause in 2027, which will make it possible to adjust the trajectory according to actual consumption and production conditions. Specific plans for Corsica and the overseas territories will also be taken up again, seeking an equitable energy transition throughout the country.
Source: Gouvernement
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