Suspended scaffolds: Types, components and main uses

Introduction

Suspended scaffolds are work platforms designed to be suspended from overhead structures by means of ropes or mechanical systems. Their use is essential in tasks that require access to great heights or areas that are difficult to reach, such as maintenance, cleaning, and inspections in tall buildings, bridges or industrial infrastructures.

This type of scaffolding is characterized by its ability to adjust in height, facilitating worker mobility in complex environments. Although they offer significant advantages, such as faster assembly and the possibility of accessing places inaccessible to traditional scaffolds, they require proper installation and maintenance to ensure worker safety.

Automation and robotics are revolutionizing the scaffolding industry by addressing long-standing challenges such as labor intensity, safety risks and time inefficiencies. Robotic systems streamline erection and dismantling processes, reducing reliance on manual labor and improving accuracy. This article is intended to provide information on the types, components, and uses of suspended scaffolds, highlighting their impact on safety¹ and efficiency.

What is a suspended scaffold?

A suspended scaffold is a temporary structure that hangs from the top of a building or structure, designed to provide a stable and safe platform for workers to perform tasks at elevated heights. Unlike conventional scaffolding, Suspended scaffold has its fulcrum at a top or intermediate point, rather than resting on the ground.

Suspended scaffolds represent an advanced technical solution in construction and heavy industry, being recognized for their ability to provide safe and efficient access to work areas in hard-to-reach locations. In refineries, Suspended scaffold is a key tool for inspections, repairs and maintenance work on overhead equipment such as distillation towers, process columns and stacks.

These structures allow workers of various specialties to perform critical tasks at extreme heights, where other options such as rope access can significantly limit the mobility and efficiency of personnel.

Unlike conventional scaffolds that require direct support on the ground or intermediate platforms, suspended scaffolds stand out as the best alternative in projects where these conditions are not feasible. This makes them an indispensable tool in sectors such as refineries, bridge construction and other highly complex industrial works, where the characteristics of the structures require access solutions adapted to unique conditions.

Differences between suspended scaffold and other types of scaffolding

The following table presents the most important differences:

Criteria	Suspended scaffolds	Other types of scaffolds
Definition	Platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid supports from an upper structure, allowing height adjustment as needed.	Includes supported scaffolds, which are platforms supported by rigid elements such as posts, legs, frames, and supports, and aerial platforms like lift baskets or crane trucks.
Support Structure	Suspended from above using cables, ropes, or mechanical systems, without direct contact with the ground.	Supported directly on the ground through a structure that distributes weight, providing a stable base.
Common Applications	Used for work at high altitudes where constructing a base from the ground is impractical, such as skyscraper window cleaning or façade maintenance.	Employed in a variety of construction and maintenance projects where a stable platform accessible from the ground is required, such as masonry, painting, or installations.
Advantages	– Allow access to elevated areas without the need for a ground-based structure. – Adjustable height based on job requirements. – Ideal for tall buildings or hard-to-access areas from the ground.	– Provide a stable and secure platform for workers. – Can support heavy loads of materials and tools. – Versatile and adaptable to different configurations and heights.
Disadvantages	– Require a robust upper structure for anchoring. – Less stable in adverse weather conditions. – Require regular inspections and maintenance of suspension systems.	– May require more time and resources for assembly and disassembly. – Limited by the height they can reach due to the need for a solid base. – Can occupy considerable ground space, which may be a limitation in crowded areas.

They are used in the oil & gas and chemical industries especially when transporting scaffolding material to the installation is difficult or the scaffolding cannot be erected from the ground, suspended scaffolds are cost effective. They allow quick access to elevated installations such as cooling towers, pressure vessels and pipelines without the need to erect complex structures from the ground.

The main types of suspended scaffold and their uses

Suspended platforms, also known as suspended scaffolds, are essential tools in the construction and maintenance of tall buildings and complex industrial structures. There are several types of suspended platforms, each designed to meet specific needs and challenges. The main types are listed below:

1. Single point adjustable scaffold: This type of platform is supported by a single rope or steel cable, allowing quick access to elevated areas. It is ideal for tasks that require vertical mobility at a specific point, such as window washing or painting work in specific areas.

2. Two-point adjustable scaffold (oscillating platform): Also known as oscillating scaffolding, this system is supported by two ropes or cables located at each end of the platform. Generally, they are motorized, which facilitates their raising and lowering. They are widely used in the construction and maintenance of tanks in industry. They offer more space for workers and materials, allowing a longer working time compared to single-point platforms.

3. Scaffolding with braking system: Made of aluminum, it is a suspended platform completely dismountable in small pieces for easy transport, equipped with an electric hoist, it is certified for lifting people and work tools. Specially designed for access and inspection of wind turbine blades in wind farms.

4. Multi-point adjustable scaffold: This type of platform uses multiple suspension points, distributing weight evenly and providing greater stability. They are suitable for jobs requiring access to larger areas or involving heavier loads. Their design allows them to adapt to different structural configurations, making them versatile for various applications in construction and maintenance.

Understanding the characteristics and applications of each type of suspended platform is essential to select the most suitable system for each project, thus ensuring safety and efficiency in operations at height.

5. Modular scaffolding: Prefabricated modular scaffolding stands out for its ease of assembly and disassembly, reducing installation times by up to 50%. Their adaptable design not only speeds up processes, but also reduces operating costs. These features make them an ideal solution for projects with tight deadlines and limited space³.

The following animation shows the assembly of suspended scaffold systems. Source: Scafom-rux.

New technologies in intelligent scaffolding

Modern scaffolding technology is significant in meeting specific challenges, such as the construction of skyscrapers in dense urban areas or the restoration of historic buildings. In conservation projects, adjustable scaffolding with cushioned protection ensures the preservation of delicate structures, while their flexibility facilitates working in confined spaces without compromising safety.

Smart scaffolding systems, equipped with sensors and IoT technology, are transforming the scaffolding industry. These tools allow real-time monitoring of the structural integrity of scaffolding, detect uneven weight distribution and anticipate adverse conditions. This proactive approach reduces occupational hazards and ensures a safer working environment.

Automation and robotics: The future of assembly

Robotics is revolutionizing scaffolding assembly in high-risk conditions. Robots can build structures while workers supervise from the ground, improving safety and reducing workplace accidents. This breakthrough marks a milestone in process automation, increasing efficiency on construction sites.

A notable example is the construction of a 157-kilometer highway in China, carried out without the intervention of workers and using only robots and autonomous machines. This project demonstrated that the use of automated machinery can save time, reduce costs and reduce safety risks, offering efficient and precise work.

The integration of robotics and automation is redefining traditional processes, offering innovative solutions that improve efficiency, safety and quality in today’s projects.

Advanced materials for scaffolding systems design

Advanced materials for scaffolding systems have evolved significantly, offering lighter, more durable and sustainable options. The main materials that meet these characteristics are:

1. Aluminum: Aluminum is highly durable, corrosion resistant and easy to transport and assemble. It is also recyclable, which contributes to its sustainability.
2. Fiberglass: This material is used in environments where electrical insulation is required. It is lightweight, corrosion resistant and non-conductive, making it ideal for work in electrical or chemical environments.
3. Composite materials: These innovative materials offer a combination of strength, light weight and corrosion resistance. They are especially useful for electrical work and reduce the risk of accidents.
4. Carbon fiber: Although more common in specialized applications such as the aerospace industry, carbon fiber composites are extremely lightweight and strong, ideal for situations requiring high performance.
5. Green materials: The industry is exploring more sustainable options, such as recycled or bio-based materials, to reduce the environmental impact of scaffolding systems.

Designing hanging scaffolds with advanced materials increases safety in maintenance work and contributes to sustainability. The choice of material will depend on the specific needs of the project, considering factors such as weight, strength, durability and environmental impact.

Potential risks when using suspended scaffolds

1. People falling from heights: This is one of the most critical risks due to the high heights at which suspended scaffold is used.
2. Collapse or structural failure: This can occur due to overloading, incorrect assembly or use of unstable surfaces for support.
3. Falling objects: Tools or materials may fall from the scaffolding, endangering workers and bystanders.
4. Electrocution: There is a risk of contact with electrical lines, especially with metal scaffolding.
5. Tipping or overturning: Scaffolding can tip or overturn if it is not properly anchored or balanced.
6. Entrapments: May occur during erection, dismantling or adjustment of scaffolding.
7. Adverse weather conditions: Strong winds or storms may compromise the stability and safety of the scaffold.
8. Slips and trips: Slippery surfaces on the work platform can cause accidents.

To mitigate these risks, it is essential to follow safety regulations, conduct risk assessments, wear appropriate personal protective equipment and ensure that only trained personnel operate and erect suspended scaffolds.

Conclusions

Suspended scaffolds are essential tools for working at heights, offering safe and efficient solutions in complex environments. Their height adjustability and versatile design allow access to difficult areas, optimizing tasks such as cleaning, maintenance and inspection. However, their proper use requires rigorous installation, maintenance and training to ensure worker safety.

The introduction of technologies such as automation and robotics is marking a turning point in the construction industry, particularly in the field of work at height. These innovations are not only transforming traditional processes, but are also setting new standards for safety, efficiency and sustainability. By enabling more precise control and reducing the risks associated with hazardous conditions, smart scaffolding technology is promoting a safer and more environmentally responsible work environment.

The development and adoption of modular suspended scaffolds systems are transforming the construction industry by offering more adaptable and technologically advanced solutions. These innovations are improving safety by minimizing worker exposure to hazards, while the inclusion of sustainable materials and efficient designs is reducing the environmental impact of projects. As these technologies continue to evolve and become more accessible, wider adoption in the industry is expected, leading to significant improvements in terms of productivity, sustainability and occupational safety.

References

1. https://www.kenallenlaw.com/es/2016/12/construction-falls-scaffolds-ladders-can-cause-serious-accidents/
2. https://www.accesus.es/en/who-we-are/
3. https://www.marketresearchintellect.com/es/blog/scaffold-market-growth-key-trends-revolutionizing-the-manufacturing-and-construction-sectors/