The PULSAR research project, led by Tractebel and funded by Euratom , is advancing lunar and space exploration with the presentation of the conceptual design of a radioisotope power system ( RPS ) based on plutonium-238 ( Pu-238 ). This development will allow Europe to establish its own capabilities in nuclear power technologies for space missions, especially in environments where solar power is not viable.
Lunar exploration and energy
Radioisotope power systems are essential to ensure power supply on long space missions. Since the Moon faces nights of up to 14 Earth days and perpetual shadow zones at its poles, solar panels are not a viable option. In response to this challenge, the PULSAR consortium has developed an innovative RPS design that can provide between 100 and 500 We, using Stirling engines to convert heat from Pu-238 into electricity with 20% efficiency.
The system is designed to power lunar rovers and cargo carriers, with a modular approach that ensures resilience to failures and has safety measures in place for launch from the Guiana Space Centre . The company’s engineering team has conducted detailed evaluations of the structure, thermal integrity and radiation levels to optimize its operation in the harsh lunar conditions.
One of the main objectives of the PULSAR project is to establish a European production capacity for Pu-238 , eliminating dependence on external suppliers. Currently, this isotope is mainly produced in the United States and Russia. The PULSAR feasibility study opens the door for an internal production of radioisotopes, consolidating Europe as a key player in space exploration.
The design of this power system could be integrated into the upcoming Argonaut lunar mission, driven by the European Space Agency ( ESA ). This initiative strengthens Europe’s presence in space research, and opens up new opportunities for the exploration of extreme locations on other planets.
The nuclear power system in a 3D demonstration. Source: Tractebel
With Tractebel ‘s leadership and the collaboration of entities such as Airbus Defence and Space , ArianeGroup and the Joint Research Centre ( JRC ), Europe is on its way to becoming a world leader in space nuclear technology.
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Source and photos: Tractebel
