Engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have created a fully 3D-printed electrospray thruster . The device, which uses an electric field to generate a high-speed jet of tiny charged droplets, is designed to provide propulsion for spacecraft , particularly small satellites known as CubeSats.
Challenges in CubeSat propulsion
Propulsion on these satellites is often a challenge due to the small size of CubeSats and the need for precise maneuvers in space. Traditional chemical rocket engines are not suitable due to their size and high cost.
This is where electrospray propulsion technology comes in, allowing for more efficient use of fuel and greater maneuverability at low cost.
Electrospray propellant for faster and more economical manufacturing
This 3D-printed thruster offers an efficient and affordable alternative , eliminating the need for costly semiconductor cleanroom manufacturing processes. Thanks to the 3D printing technique, the manufacturing process is faster and cheaper , which could even allow the creation of these engines in orbit , without the need to send them from Earth. In this way, MIT is getting closer to its goal of democratizing access to space hardware.
To achieve this breakthrough, the researchers combined two types of 3D printing in a modular process, managing to produce components with extremely fine details, which is essential for the high precision of electrospray emitters. In addition, this engine is capable of generating thrust as efficient as the most expensive existing electrospray engines .
Improving efficiency and reducing weight
The developed prototype consists of 32 emitters working together to create a stable and uniform fuel flow, which increases efficiency compared to traditional engines. Through precise control of the applied voltage, the engine also achieves thrust modulation, which could eliminate the need for complex hydraulic systems and make the propellant lighter and cheaper .
MIT researchers led by Luis Fernando Velásquez-García say this breakthrough in thruster manufacturing will improve efficiency in CubeSats and also open new doors to the development of more accessible, more efficient and more flexible space technologies.
This work was partially supported by a MathWorks grant and the NewSat Project, and was performed at the MIT.nano facility.
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Source and photo: MIT
