What is digital security and how is it applied in logistics and transportation processes?

Introduction

Today, digital security has become a crucial aspect for logistics and transportation companies. Increasing digitization and pandemics have driven the adoption of new technologies, exposing organizations to various cyber threats. It is critical to protect IT systems, networks and sensitive data to ensure safe and efficient operations.

Cyber threats in the supply chain are varied and complex. Attacks such as ransomware can disrupt operations, while data manipulation in warehouse management systems (WMS) or IoT devices can put information integrity and cargo security at risk. In addition, increasing reliance on advanced technologies expands the attack surface, requiring more effective security strategies.

It is essential to implement digital security measures in automated transportation systems. The use of technologies such as blockchain for traceability and perimeter security in critical infrastructure helps protect against unauthorized access and ensures the integrity of operations. Continuous training of personnel and updating of security protocols are key practices to reduce risks.

The incorporation of emerging technologies, such as 5G, has the potential to transform the sector, providing greater connectivity and efficiency. However, it also presents new challenges in terms of digital security. It is vital that logistics and transportation companies integrate cybersecurity solutions from the design phase of their systems to defend against emerging threats and maintain the trust of their customers.

What is digital security and why is it important in logistics and transportation?

Definition and scope of digital security in logistics

Digital security, or cybersecurity, refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks and data from unauthorized access, attack or damage. In the field of logistics and transportation, this discipline has become essential due to the increasing digitization of operational processes. Transportation and distribution companies rely on digital systems such as WMS (Warehouse Management System), Track & Trace and IoT devices, which optimize supply chain management, but can also be susceptible to cyber attacks.

The main objective of digital security in logistics is to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of digital information, guaranteeing that systems and networks are protected against unauthorized access and cyber threats.

Impact of digital security on the supply chain

Digital security in logistics and transportation not only protects sensitive data, but is also crucial for operational continuity. A vulnerability in digital systems can result in:

• Supply chain disruptions due to attacks such as ransomware.
• Loss or theft of customer, carrier and supplier data.
• Manipulation of routes and deliveries, affecting distribution times and costs.
• Unauthorized access to WMS and IoT systems, which can lead to errors in inventory and route planning.

A well-structured digital security strategy helps prevent these risks and allows companies to strengthen their technological infrastructure, ensuring efficiency and reliability in operations.

Main risks in the digital security of logistics

Logistics and transportation companies face a variety of cyber threats that can put their systems and data at risk. Some of the most frequent are:

Ransomware

It involves data theft in exchange for a ransom, which affects business continuity. Ransomware represents one of the most serious cyber threats in the logistics and transportation industry. This type of malware encrypts a company’s data and demands a ransom in exchange for the key to decrypt it. If the company decides not to pay, the data can be deleted or even leaked on the dark web. In the logistics industry, where real-time information is crucial to maintaining operational efficiency, a ransomware attack can lead to significant financial and operational losses.

Examples of ransomware attacks in logistics and transport

1. Maersk Shipping Attack (NotPetya, 2017) One of the most emblematic cases of ransomware in logistics was the attack on Maersk, one of the world’s largest shipping companies. In 2017, a ransomware called NotPetya infected its systems, paralyzing operations at 76 ports and 800 vessels around the world. 📌 Impact: More than 4,000 servers and 45,000 computers had to be reinstalled. Estimated losses of $300 million. Global supply chain delays. This attack demonstrated the vulnerability of the logistics industry to cyber threats and the need to improve digital defenses.

2. Cyberattack on Expeditors International (2022) Expeditors International, a U.S.-based global logistics company, suffered a ransomware attack in February 2022 that forced it to take its IT systems offline for several weeks. 📌 Impact: Inability to process shipments and invoicing. Multi-million dollar losses due to service disruption. Damage to the company’s reputation and customer issues. This case highlighted the importance of having contingency plans and backup systems in place to minimize the impact of cyber-attacks.

3. Ransomware in Iran’s railway system (2021) In July 2021, Iran’s railway system was the victim of a cyberattack that affected train operation and timetable management. 📌 Impact: station screens displayed false messages about train cancellations. Chaos in rail logistics, affecting thousands of passengers and cargo. Possible loss of data and systems affected. This attack demonstrated that not only private companies, but also critical transportation infrastructures can be targeted by ransomware.

Phishing

It is the theft of credentials through fraudulent emails imitating suppliers or customers. Phishing has become one of the most common and effective cyber threats in logistics and transportation. This social engineering technique involves cybercriminals sending fraudulent emails, text messages or links impersonating suppliers, customers or even employees of the same company.

It aims to trick users into revealing sensitive information such as login credentials, bank details or administrative permissions. In an industry where constant communication with suppliers, carriers and customers is critical, phishing represents a serious threat that can jeopardize the security of digital systems and the integrity of the supply chain.

Examples of phishing attacks in logistics and transportation

1. Phishing case against DHL and FedEx: Courier companies such as DHL and FedEx have been frequent targets of phishing attacks, where cybercriminals send fake emails notifying about packages being held up or delivery problems.

Impact: Customers enter personal and financial information on fraudulent sites. Employees may fall into traps that grant them access to internal databases. Economic losses and damage to the company’s reputation are generated.

2. Phishing attack on Maersk’s supply chain In 2020: Maersk, one of the largest shipping companies, was the target of a phishing attack targeting its employees and suppliers.

Impact: Access credentials of key executives were leaked. Hackers gained access to cargo and routing information. Digital security had to be reinforced with multifactor authentication and digital security training.

3. Impersonation of logistics suppliers: A recurrent case in the sector is the impersonation of suppliers, where attackers send false invoices with payment instructions to fraudulent bank accounts.

Impact: Companies pay large sums of money to cybercriminals without realizing the fraud. Business disputes with actual suppliers are generated. Financial resources and confidence in the supply chain are lost.

Attacks on IoT systems

Connected devices can be vulnerable to unauthorized access.The Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the logistics and transportation industry by enabling real-time connection of devices such as temperature sensors, GPS trackers and fleet management systems. However, this digitization has also created new vulnerabilities that cybercriminals can exploit. Attacks on IoT devices can affect operational efficiency, cargo security and data integrity throughout the supply chain.

Examples of attacks on IoT systems in the logistics industry

1. Connected truck hacking (Tesla, 2019): A group of security researchers identified vulnerabilities in Tesla’s electric trucks, allowing remote control of certain systems. 📌 Impact: possible manipulation of vehicle speed and direction. Risks of accidents and problems with delivery of goods. Highlighted the need for improved safety in automated transport.

2. Attack on the port of Rotterdam (2011 – 2013): Hackers managed to infiltrate the IoT systems of a port terminal in Rotterdam, taking control of containers and facilitating drug trafficking. 📌 Impact: Cargo containers were redirected to other locations without detection. It took years for authorities to discover the manipulation of the systems. It highlighted the vulnerability of smart ports and the importance of securing IoT networks.

3. Hacking of truck fleets in the US (2022): A logistics company in the U.S. suffered a targeted attack on its satellite tracking IoT systems, resulting in the loss of visibility of its entire fleet. 📌 Impact: For several hours, operators were unable to track the location of trucks. Delays in the delivery of sensitive merchandise occurred. Security of IoT devices in the company was tightened.

Data filtering in WMS and Track & Trace systems

This can result in the theft of confidential information or the alteration of orders and routes. WMS (Warehouse Management System) and Track & Trace systems are key tools in logistics and transportation, as they facilitate inventory management and real-time shipment tracking. However, their connection to various platforms and reliance on cloud databases make them vulnerable to attacks by cybercriminals. A data breach in these systems can reveal sensitive information about distribution routes, inventory details and customer data, which could result in financial losses and damage the company’s reputation.

Examples of data leakage in WMS and Track & Trace systems

1. Hacking of a retail company with a compromised WMS (2021): In 2021, a well-known retail company was the victim of a cyber attack on its WMS system, where attackers managed to access inventory and distribution data.

Impact: Cybercriminals altered stock records, leading to errors in orders. Information about the company’s distribution centers was leaked. The company had to invest in new security protocols to prevent future attacks.

2. Data breach in a cargo tracking platform (2022): In 2022, a Track & Trace platform used by several carriers was compromised, exposing real-time shipment and routing data.

Impact: Affected companies reported theft of merchandise due to route manipulation. Customers and carriers were targeted by phishing attacks with leaked information. The platform developer improved its encryption and authentication systems.

3. Cyber-attack on a shipping company (2020): One of the world’s leading shipping companies suffered a data breach that compromised sensitive information about the location and status of thousands of containers.

Impact: Attackers published shipping data on the dark web. Competitors and malicious actors were able to access strategic information. The company had to strengthen its digital security infrastructure.

Attacks on perimeter infrastructure

Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in servers and internal networks to take control of critical systems. Perimeter infrastructure in logistics and transportation includes the physical and digital security systems that safeguard distribution centers, warehouses, ports, airports and communication networks.

Historically, security was focused on protecting physical access, but with the advent of digitization, digital security has become a fundamental aspect of preventing attacks on networks, servers and connected devices. Attacks on perimeter infrastructure can jeopardize both operational security and business continuity, affecting access control to facilities and logistics management systems.

Examples of attacks on perimeter infrastructure

1. Hacking of video surveillance systems at a seaport (2021): In 2021, an international port was the victim of a cyberattack that affected its system of security cameras and IoT sensors. The attackers managed to temporarily disable the cameras in certain areas, which facilitated the smuggling of illegal goods.

Impact: Records of suspicious activity were lost for several hours. Unauthorized cargo was allowed in. The company had to invest in a security system enhanced with artificial intelligence.

2. Denial of Service (DDoS) attack on a cargo airline (2022): A group of hackers carried out a denial of service (DDoS) attack against a digital platform used for managing cargo flights and air logistics.

Impact: Website and freight booking systems were down for several hours. Multiple express shipments were delayed. The airline upgraded its network infrastructure with DDoS mitigation measures.

3. Infiltration of the access systems of a logistics warehouse (2020): Hackers managed to breach the access control system of a distribution company, allowing unauthorized entry of people to restricted areas.

Impact: A theft of millions of dollars worth of merchandise was reported. Attackers were found to have used stolen credentials through phishing. Biometric controls and multifactor authentication were implemented to improve security.

Regulations and standards for digital security in logistics

Digital security in logistics and transportation is becoming increasingly regulated due to the growing digitization of the sector and the increase in cyber attacks affecting the supply chain. Various regulations have been put in place to ensure data protection, system integrity and operational continuity in logistics and transportation companies.

In 2024, significant changes were implemented in the global regulation of digital security, including new requirements for risk management, incident notification and security standards for critical infrastructures. Below are the most relevant regulations impacting the logistics sector:

NIS 2 Directive (European Union)

• It forces logistics and transportation companies to strengthen their digital security.
• It requires mandatory reporting of digital security incidents.
• It imposes sanctions on companies that do not comply with digital security requirements.

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR – Europe)

• It regulates the protection of personal data in all companies operating in the EU.
• Applies to logistics companies handling European customer information.
• Mandates notification of data breaches within 72 hours.

Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC – EE.UU.)

• Applicable to logistics companies working with the U.S. government and the Department of Defense.
• Evaluates the security level of companies and requires certifications to operate.
• Establishes digital security standards to prevent the theft of sensitive information.

Cyber Security Infrastructure Act (CISA – U.S.)

• Demands critical sectors, including transportation and logistics, to strengthen their digital infrastructure.
• Mandates the notification of incidents to the Infrastructure Security and Digital Security Agency (CISA).
• Promotes cooperation between companies and the government in threat detection.

ISO 27001 (International Information Security Standard)

• Global standard for information security management.
• Helps logistics companies implement security and risk management controls.
• It allows companies to become certified to demonstrate their commitment to digital security.

Australia’s Critical Infrastructure Protection Act

• Demands that transportation and logistics companies strengthen their digital security.
• Mandates reporting of cyber-attacks and critical vulnerabilities in its operations.
• Establishes measures to prevent attacks on critical infrastructure.

How digital security is applied in automated transportation systems

Technological progress has facilitated the automation of transportation systems, which has improved efficiency and traceability in logistics. However, this digitization also brings with it new vulnerabilities that can put data integrity and operational security at risk. To address these challenges, digital security has become an essential pillar to protect networks, platforms and data in real time. Below, we take a look at how digital security is implemented in automated transportation systems and the key technologies used in the industry.

Digital security in transportation

Automated transportation systems rely on communication networks, IoT devices, sensors and management software to operate efficiently. However, these same elements can become vulnerable to cyber attacks. Among the main threats are data ransomware, credential theft, route manipulation and unauthorized access to logistics platforms. To mitigate these risks, various digital security strategies have been implemented, such as the use of blockchain, advanced tracking systems and encryption protocols.

Use of Blockchain in shipment traceability

The Blockchain has revolutionized logistics and transportation by providing an immutable and decentralized record of all transactions within the supply chain. Thanks to this technology, security in shipment traceability can be improved and fraudulent data manipulation can be prevented.

Benefits of using Blockchain in logistics

Transparent traceability: Each point of the shipment is securely recorded, avoiding data alterations.

• Fraud reduction: The information recorded in the blockchain cannot be modified, guaranteeing the integrity of the data.
• Security in payments and smart contracts: Secure transactions can be made without intermediaries using smart contracts.
• Protection against cyber attacks: Because it is decentralized, an attack on a single database does not affect the entire network. Application example: Walmart and Maersk have implemented blockchain systems to track the origin and authenticity of transported products, improving efficiency and reducing audit times.

Track & Trace and data protection in logistics

Track & Trace systems allow real-time monitoring of shipments, fleets and products, ensuring that goods reach their destination safely and efficiently. However, the large amount of data generated by these systems makes them an attractive target for cybercriminals.

Main vulnerabilities in Track & Trace

• Data interception: Hackers can access routing and shipping information.
• Record tampering: An attack can change the location or status of cargo, which can lead to financial losses.
• Unauthorized access: If an attacker manages to obtain access credentials, he can alter or delete crucial information.

Security measures to protect Track & Trace

• End-to-end encryption: Ensures that transmitted data is protected against interception.
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA): Adds an additional layer of security for access to the platform.
• Access and suspicious activity monitoring: Allows detection of intrusions before they compromise the integrity of the system.
• Use of artificial intelligence: To identify threat patterns and prevent data manipulation.

Best practices to strengthen digital security in logistics and transportation

Digital platforms used in automated transport need to implement advanced security measures to safeguard infrastructure, data and operations. Among the most important protocols are data encryption, secure authentication and real-time monitoring.

Why is data encryption essential in logistics?

• Protects information related to shipments, customers and suppliers from unauthorized access.
• Prevents data from being read or altered in case of interception.
• Ensures compliance with regulations such as ISO 27001, GDPR and the NIS 2 Directive.

Most common encryption methods

• AES-256 encryption: Provides robust security for data in transit and in storage.
• SSL/TLS encryption: Secures communication between logistics platforms and their customers.
• Tokenization: Replaces sensitive data with tokens that can only be decrypted by authorized systems.

Importance of Multifactor Authentication (MFA)

• Reduces the risk of unauthorized access to logistics management systems.
• Protects critical credentials and data against phishing attempts.
• It requires multi-factor identity verification, such as a password and authentication code. Real-Time Monitoring and Threat Detection Real-time monitoring is crucial for digital security in transportation, as it allows you to quickly identify and respond to potential threats before they impact logistics operations.

Advantages of real-time monitoring

• Early intrusion detection: Prevents attacks such as ransomware before they spread.
• Network traffic analysis: Recognizes suspicious connections in logistics systems.
• Threat response automation: Reduces reaction time to security incidents.

Key tools for threat detection

• SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) systems: Analyze activity logs to detect anomalies.
• Artificial Intelligence Networks: Learn traffic patterns to prevent unauthorized access.
• Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS): Intercept attack attempts before they can cause damage.

Future trends in digital security for logistics and transport

The logistics and transportation industry is undergoing a remarkable transformation thanks to technological advances that seek to optimize efficiency, security and transparency in the supply chain. Here’s a look at the emerging trends in digital security that are shaping the future of the industry:

The impact of 5G on supply chain security

The arrival of 5G technology is changing the rules of the game in supply chain connectivity, providing faster data speeds, low latency and the ability to connect numerous devices at the same time. These features facilitate greater automation and real-time monitoring of logistics processes. However, the adoption of 5G also poses new challenges in terms of digital security.

The increasing interconnectedness and dependency of digital systems expands the attack surface for potential cyber threats. It is crucial that enterprises implement robust security measures to protect 5G infrastructure and connected devices, thus ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of the data being transmitted.

Blockchain evolution in global logistics

The blockchain has established itself as a key tool for improving transparency and security in the supply chain. This technology allows the immutable recording of transactions, facilitating the traceability of products from their origin to the end consumer. In addition, blockchain reduces the risk of fraud and errors, as each transaction is verifiable and cannot be altered without the consensus of the network. Transportation and logistics companies are adopting blockchain-based solutions to optimize processes, improve operational efficiency and strengthen trust between parties involved in the supply chain.

IoT integration with new digital security measures

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in logistics has enabled unprecedented visibility into operations through the use of sensors and connected devices that monitor in real time variables such as shipment location, environmental conditions and vehicle status. However, this connectivity also introduces vulnerabilities that can be exploited by cybercriminals.

To mitigate these risks, it is crucial to implement advanced digital security measures, such as data encryption, strong authentication and continuous monitoring of IoT networks. These practices ensure that information collected and transmitted by IoT devices is protected against unauthorized access and malicious tampering.

Conclusions

Digital security has become a key element for logistics and transportation in the digital age. With the increased use of technologies such as IoT, WMS, Track & Trace, blockchain and 5G, efficiency and connectivity have improved dramatically. However, these advances have also made the industry more vulnerable to cyber attacks such as ransomware, phishing, IoT infiltrations and data breaches. Protecting the digital infrastructure is now a priority to ensure supply chain integrity, data security and business continuity.

Risks related to digital security in logistics have led to the implementation of international regulations and standards, such as the NIS 2 Directive in the EU, the GDPR, CMMC certification in the U.S. and the ISO 27001 standard, which require a higher level of protection and risk management. In addition, companies have begun to adopt advanced security protocols, including data encryption, multi-factor authentication and real-time monitoring, to identify and mitigate threats before they impact their operations. Adopting preventative measures and creating a culture of digital security throughout the organization are essential to address digital challenges.

Future trends in digital security indicate greater integration of 5G, blockchain and IoT with new digital security standards. 5G will offer faster and more efficient connections, but will also present new challenges in data protection. The blockchain will remain critical for shipment traceability and transaction security, while IoT will continue to improve logistics management, but will require tighter security controls. The evolution of digital security in logistics will not only be a protective measure, but also a key factor for the competitiveness of companies.

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